CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER OF INDIAN HISTORY (UPTO 1947)

 

V.O.C. COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, THOOTHUKUDI – 8.

CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER OF INDIAN HISTORY

YEAR	EVENT
500,000 BCE	Kumari Kandam
500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE	Paleolithic Period (Old Stone Age):
10,000 BCE to 6,000 BCE.	Mesolithic Period (Late Stone Age)
6000 BCE – 1000 BCE	Neolithic Period (New Stone Age)
3000 BCE – 500 BCE	Chalco lithic Period (Stone Copper Age)
1500 BCE – 200 BCE	Iron Age
4000 BC	The Indus Valley Civilization was established around 3300 BC
2800 BCE	The Indus Valley Civilization expand across the whole of modern-day Pakistan, much of northern India, and large parts of Afghanistan, with Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro becoming large metropolises.
1800 BCE	Adichanallur urn-burial site in Tirunelveli district in Tamil Nadu. In 2004, a number of skeletons dating from around 3,800 years ago.
1700 BCE	Brihadratha also known as Maharatha, was the initiator of the Brihadratha dynasty, the earliest ruling dynasty of Magadha.
1400 BCE	Gopala Dynasty established by Gopa
1300 BCE	End of late Indus Valley Civilization period
1200 BCE to 1000 BCE	Rig-Veda period
700 BCE	The Upanishads, a sacred text of Hinduism, are written.
	Kingdom of Kosala was established.
	The Vedic period ends.
	The capital of the Early Pandyan Kingdom was initially Korkai, all around 600 BCE, and was later moved to Koodal (now Madurai) during the reign of Nedunjeliyan I.
599 BCE	Mahavira of the 24th Tirthankara is born. This turns out to become the most famous wave of Jainism
563 BCE	Siddhārtha Gautama, Buddha-to-be, is born in Lumbini into a leading royal family in the republic of the Shakyas, which is now part of Nepal.
400 BCE	Siddhartha Gautama 'Buddha' of the Shakya polity in S. Nepal, founds Buddhism (older date: 563–483 BCE)
333 BCE	Persian rule in the northwest ends after Darius 3 is defeated by Alexander the Great, who establishes the Macedonian Empire after inheriting the Persian Achaemenid Empire.
326 BCE	Ambhi king of Takshila surrenders to Alexander.
	Porus who ruled parts of the Punjab, fought Alexander at the Battle of the Hydaspes River.
321 BCE	Maurya Empire is founded by Chandragupta Maurya in Magadha after he defeats the Nanda dynasty and Macedonian Seleucid Empire. Mauryan capital city is Pataliputra (Modern Patna in Bihar)
200 BCE	Tolkāppiyam describes the grammar and morphology of Tamil; it is the oldest existing Tamil grammar
100 BCE	Birth of Charaka, ancient Indian physician who writes the Charaka Samhita, an ancient text that describes theories on human body, etiology, symptomology and therapeutics for a wide range of diseases and is based on the Agnivesha Samhitā.
58 BCE	Beginning of Vikram Era
52 AD	St. Thomas arrives in Muziris (modern-day North Paravur and Kodungalloor in Kerala State, India).
68 ADE	Establishment of the Kushan Empire
100 ADE	Sugar was first produced from sugarcane plants in northern India sometime after the first century
240 ADE	Sri-Gupta starts the Gupta Empire in Magadha, with its capital in Pataliputra
275 ADE	The Pallava dynasty is established
320 ADE	Chandragupta I ascends the Gupta throne
335 ADE	Samudragupta ascends the Gupta throne and expands the empire
788 ADE	Birth of Adhi Shankara
800 ADE	Vikramashila University is established by the Pala emperor Dharmapala in present-day Bhagalpur district in Bihar, in early 9th century
985 ADE	Rajaraja Chola ascends to the throne of Chola empire. He expands the empire to Sri Lanka and to the north to include Kalinga kingdom
1000 ADE	Invasion of Mahmud of Ghazni Begins(1000–1025) CE
1003 -1010 ADE	The Brihadisvara Temple, Thanjavur is built by Raja Raja Chola I.
1014 ADE	Rajendra Chola I became the king of Chola empire after his father Rajaraja Chola. During his reign, he extended the influences of the already vast Chola empire up to the banks of the river Ganges in the north and across the ocean. Rajendra's territories extended coastal Burma, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Maldives, conquered the kings of Srivijaya  (Sumatra,  Java  and  Malay  Peninsula  in South East Asia) and Pegu islands with his fleet of ships. He defeated Mahipala, the Pala king of Bengal and Bihar, and to commemorate his victory he built a new capital called Gangaikonda Cholapuram. The Cholas became one of the most powerful dynasties in Asia during his reign. The Tamil Chola armies exacted tribute from Thailand and the Khmer kingdom of Cambodia. Rajendra Chola I was the first Indian king to take his armies overseas and make conquests of these territories, even though there is epigraphical evidence of Pallava presence in these very areas
1017 26 April	Ramanuja is born at Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu.
1025 30 April	Last invasion of Mahmud Ghazni, sacked and destroyed temple of Somnath
1030 30 April	Alberuni arrives in India; death of Mahmud of Ghazni
1175	Muhammad of Ghor invades India.
1191	First Battle of Tarain  between  Mohammed   Ghori and Prithviraj III. Ghori is defeated by Prithivi Raj Chauhan III.
1192	Second Battle of Tarain fought between Muhammed Ghori and Prithviraj Chauhan III. Prithviraj Chauhan III is defeated by Mohammed Ghori.
1193	Muslim general Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji destroys the ancient university of Vikramashila
1206 12 June	Qutb ud-Din Aibak establishes slave Dynasty (Mamluk) later to be known as Delhi Sultanate. Marks Beginning Of Delhi Sultanate of 320 Years over India(1206–1526).
1210	Qutb-ud-din Aibak died while playing polo.
	Shams ud-Din Iltutmish;was the third ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, belonging to the Mamluk dynasty (Slave Dynasty). He introduced IQTA (Tax, revenue) system. Died in 1236
1236 10 November	Rule of Razia Sultana – Daughter of Iltutmish.
1243	Narasingha Deva I ruler of the Eastern Ganga dynasty defeats Tughral Tughan Khan of the Mamluk Sultanate of Delhi in the Battle of Katasin and annexes several districts of Bengal into his empire.
1250	The Konark Sun Temple is completed, built by Narasingha Deva I.
1266-1286	Rule of Balban
1290-1296	Jalal-ud-din Khilji. Founder of Khiliji Dynasty
1309	Alauddin Khalji sends Malik Kafur to South. Malik Kafur Lays siege on the Kakatiya Capital Warangal and Extracts Tribute. The diamond Kohinoor was among the loot collected.
1336	Vijayanagara Empire established by Harihara I and his brother Bukka Raya I.
1451 19 April	Bahlul Khan Lodhi ascends the throne of the Delhi sultanate starting the Lodhi dynasty
1469 15 April	Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism is born
1483 14 February	Birth of Babur
1510 20 May	Portuguese India
1518	Kingdom of Mewar under Rana Sanga defeats Lodi Empire under Ibrahim Lodhi in the Battle of Khatoli
1520	Vijayanagara Empire  under  Krishnadevaraya  defeats the Sultanate of Bijapur in the Battle of Raichur.
1523	Portuguese explorers established Santhome Church above the Tomb of Saint Thomas the Apostle in Chennai.
1526 21 April	Sultan Ibrahim Lodi, of the Delhi Sultanate, angers local nobles, who respond by inviting Babur, the Mughal ruler of Kabul, to invade Delhi and Agra. The local population, plus the possession of artillery, assists Babur in killing the Sultan (whose soldiers desert him) at the Battle of Panipat. Marks the Beginning of Mughal Empire for 231 Years Rule Over India (1526–1757) CE.
1540 18 September	Battle of Kannauj fought between Humayun and Sher Shah Suri and Humayun was completely defeated. Humayun lost the Mughal empire to Afghans (Suri Dynasty), and passed 12 years in exile.
1530	Babur[8] completes his Baburnama, reflecting on society, politics, economics, history, geography, nature, flora and fauna, which to this day is a standard textbook in 25 countries. Babur dies, and is succeeded by his son Humayun.
1542 15 October	Birth of Akbar at Umerkot.
1555 22 May	Humayun regained the throne of Delhi from the hands of weak successors of Sher Shah.
1556	Hindu king Hemu establishes 'Hindu Raj' in North India and bestowed with title of "Vikramaditya"; Second Battle of Panipat fought between Hemu and Akbar's forces in which Hemu is killed.
1600 31 December	East India Company is formed in England. Gets exclusive trading rights with India.
1602	Dutch came to India at Pulicut
1605 27 October	Akbar dies, and is succeeded by his son Jahangir.
1612 24 August	East India Company enters into a trade agreement with the Mughal Emperor Jahangir
1618 - 1707	Aurangzeb (born November 3, 1618, Dhod, Malwa [India] —died March 3, 1707) was the emperor of India from 1658 to 1707, the last of the great Mughal emperors.
1630 19 February	Birth of Chhatrapati Shivaji
1658	Shah Jahan completes Taj Mahal, Jama Masjid, and Red Fort
1664	Marathas under Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj defeat Mughal Empire forces in the Battle of Surat
1674 6 June	Shivaji is crowned Chhatrapati.
1707 3, March	Death of Aurangzeb the Mughal monarch. Marks the end of Mughal Territorial Expansion over India.
1757 23, June	British East India Company defeats the Nawab of Bengal in the Battle of Plassey, marking the End of Islamic period of 565 Years over India (1192–1757) & beginning of British conquests in India.
1767	First Anglo-Mysore War begins, in which Hyder Ali of Mysore defeats the armies of the British East India Company.
1772 22, May	Ram Mohan Roy Born (to 1833)
1773	Warren Hastings appointed as first Governor-General of Bengal
1789	Tipu Sultan invades Malabar (present day Kerala), destroys a number of temples including the temples of Bhagamandala, Payyavoor, Ammakoottam Mahadevi temple and Thrikkadamba Sri.mahavishnu temple. Thousands are killed, women raped and populace forced to convert to Islam
1801 12, April	Maharaja Ranjit Singh establishes Khalsa rule of Punjab from Lahore. Khalsa army liberates Kashmiri Pandits and invades Afghanistan via the Khyber Pass.
1806 10, July	Vellore mutiny
1809 25, April	The East India Company signs the first Treaty of Amritsar with Ranjit Singh.
1828 19, November	Rani of Jhansi Laxmi bai was born (to 1858)
1836 18, February	Sri Ramakrishna Paramhamsa is born (to 1886)
1853 1, April	The Postal Service started.
1853 16, April	The first railway is established between Bombay and Thane.
1856, 23 July 25 July 20 August	Bal Gangadhar Tilak is born (to 1920) Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856 Narayana Guru is born (to 1928)
1857   10, May     18, July	British victory in Indian Rebellion of 1857. Last Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar was deposed by British East India Company and India transferred to British Crown. Marks the End of Mughal Dynasty rule over India. India's first three universities, the University of Mumbai, the University of Madras and the University of Calcutta, are established.
1858 18 June   1, November   7, November	Rani of Jhansi, Rani Lakshmibai died   British Raj (to 1947) Marks the Beginning Of Direct British Rule Over India For 89 Years(1858–1947).   Bipin Chandra Pal is born (to 1932)
1861 7, May	Rabindranath Tagore is born.
1862	The high courts of Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay are established.
1863 12 January	Swami Vivekanand is born (to 1902)
1867 31, March	"Prarthana Samaj" established earlier known as "Atmiya Sabha"
1869 2, October	Mahatma Gandhi is born (to 30 January 1948)
1875 10, April	"Arya Samaj" is established. Aligarh Muslim University
1876 25, December	Muhammad Ali Jinnah was born (1876–1948)
1885 28, December	The Indian National Congress is established
1889 14, November	Jawaharlal Nehru is born (to 1964).
1891 14, April	B. R. Ambedkar is born (to 1956).
1897 23, January	Subhas Chandra Bose is born (to 1945); the first fingerprint bureau of India is established in Calcutta.
1904 5, November	University Act
1905 16, October	Partition of Bengal (1905)
1906 30, December	Muslim League formed in Dacca.
1911 12, December	The British government moves the capital from Calcutta to Delhi.
1913	Rabindranath Tagore won Nobel Prize in Literature
1917	Justice Party (India) is founded
1919 13, April 18, March	Jallianwala Bagh massacre Rowlatt Act is passed
1920	Non-cooperation movement Khilafat Movement
1922 5, February	Chauri Chaura incident
1925 27, September	Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) is founded.
1927 20, March   November	Mahad Satyagraha   Simon Commission
1929	Central Assembly bombed by Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt.
1930	Salt Satyagraha, the civil disobedience movement, begins with the Dandi march.   The first Round Table Conferences (India)
1931, March 23, March September to December	Gandhi–Irwin Pact Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev martyred The second Round Table Conferences (India)
1932 November to December	The third Round Table Conferences (India)
1935 August	Government of India Act 1935
1937	1937 Indian provincial elections
1939	The All India Forward Bloc established by Subhas Chandra Bose
1942 August	Quit India Movement The Indian National Army is established by Subhas Chandra Bose.
1943	The Provisional Government of Free India is formed by Netaji.
1945 18, August	Subhas Chandra Bose death in plane crash at Taiwan.
1947, July 14, August 15, August	Indian Independence Act 1947 by British Raj Partition of India and Pakistan becomes an independent state Indian independence from the British Raj